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GENERAL: See also (84AJ01) and Table 10.1 [Table of Energy Levels] (in PDF or PS).

Model calculations: (83MI1E, 83SH38, 84NI12, 84VA06, 85KW02).

Special states:> (84NI12, 84VA06, 87AB1H, 87BL18).

Electromagnetic transitions: (84NI12).

Astrophysical questions: (84BE1F, 84EN1A, 84NE1D, 84SA1D, 85WE1A, 87EL1E, 87GR1Q, 87NA1M, 87SO1E, 88BE1B, 88FE1A, 88HA1M).

Complex reactions involving ¹⁰Be: (83EN1B, 83OL1A, 83WI1A, 84GR1A, 84HI1A, 84ST1B, 85JA1B, 85MA1E, 85PO1D, 85TA1H, 85TR1B, 86AN1F, 86AV1B, 86BA1I, 86CS1A, 86HA1B, 86ME1B, 86PO06, 86SA30, 86SI1B, 86SO10, 86WE1E, 87AR19, 87BA38, 87BA39, 87CH26, 87DE37, 87FE1A, 87GR11, 87GU04, 87JA06, 87KI05, 87NA01, 87TA1F, 87TR05, 87VI02, 87VI1B, 87WA09, 87YA16, 88BL09, 88CA06, 88KI05, 88KR11, 88RU01, 88SA19).

Applications: (83FA1B, 83KU1C, 83LI1A, 83NE1A, 83SH1G, 83TU1A, 84BE1F, 84BE1H, 84BO1E, 84DO1B, 84EL1B, 84EL1C, 84EN1A, 84HE1B, 84HE1C, 84HO1E, 84IM1A, 84KL1A, 84MA1K, 84MI1D, 84NE1C, 84NE1E, 84PO1C, 84RA1D, 84SE1B, 84SE1D, 84SH1L, 84SO1A, 84SO1B, 84SP1B, 84SU1B, 84TU1A, 84TU1C, 84VA1D, 85BE1D, 85RA1A, 85YI1A, 86NI1A, 86SU1H, 86TE1A, 87BE1X, 87BR1Q, 87BR1U, 87DE1P, 87EI1A, 87EL1E, 87GO1W, 87GR1Q, 87IN1A, 87JA1G, 87KU1L, 87LA1G, 87LA1I, 87MO1F, 87NA1M, 87OE1A, 87RA1N, 87RE1H, 87SE1D, 87SE1E, 87SH1N, 87VA1S).

Muon and neutrino capture and reactions: (84KO24).

Reactions involving pions and kaons (See also reactions 3, 10, 15 and 17.): (82BE1D, 84KA1C, 85BE1K, 85TU1B, 86BE1P, 86RA16).

Hypernuclei: (82KA1D, 82WA1A, 83BA1D, 83FE07, 83MI1E, 83PO1D, 84BO1D, 84BO1G, 84CH1G, 84DZ1A, 84ER1A, 84KO1F, 84SH1J, 85AH1A, 85IK1A, 86AN1R, 86BA1W, 86BO1E, 86DA1B, 86MA1C, 86PO1H, 86WA1J, 86ZH1B, 87BO1L, 87BO1O, 87MI1A, 87PO1H, 87WU05, 88GI1B).

Other topics: ( 84PO11, 85AN28, 85WI1B).

Ground-state properties of ¹⁰Be: ( 83ANZQ, 84FR13, 84NI12, 85AN28, 85SA32, 85TA1H, 86WI04, 87BL18, 87HA30, 87LE1D, 87SA15, 88JO1C).

The interaction nuclear radius of ¹⁰Be is 2.46 ± 0.03 fm [(85TA1H), E = 790 MeV/A; see also for derived nuclear matter, charge and neutron matter r.m.s. radii].

B(E2) (upwards arrow (^)) for ¹⁰Be*(3.37) = (5.2 ± 0.6) x 10^-3 e² · b² [Q₀ = 0.229 ± 0.013 b] (87RA01).

1. 10Be(β-)10B

Qm = 0.5561

The half-life of ¹⁰Be is (1.51 ± 0.06) x 10⁶ y (87HO1P). Log ft = 13.397 ± 0.017 (M.J. Martin, private communication). For the earlier work see (74AJ01).

2. (a) 7Li(t, γ)10Be	Qm = 17.2498
(b) 7Li(t, n)9Be	Qm = 10.4378	Eb = 17.2498
(c) 7Li(t, p)9Li	Qm = -2.386
(d) 7Li(t, t)7Li
(e) 7Li(t, α)6He	Qm = 9.839

The yield of γ₀ and γ₁ has been studied for E_t = 0.4 to 1.1 MeV [¹⁰Be*(17.79) is said to be involved]: see (84AJ01). The neutron yield exhibits a weak structure at E_t = 0.24 MeV and broad resonances at E_t ~ 0.77 MeV [Γ = 160 ± 50 keV] and 1.74 MeV: see (66LA04) [¹⁰Be*(17.79, 18.47)]. The total cross section for reaction (c), the yield of neutrons (reaction (b) to ⁹Be*(14.39)), and the yield of γ-rays from ⁷Li*(0.48)(reaction (d)) all show a sharp anomaly at E_t = 5.685 MeV: J^π = 2^-; T = 2 is suggested for a state at E_x = 21.22 MeV. The total cross section for α₀ (reaction (e)) and the all-neutrons yield do not show this structure: see (83AB1A), (84AJ01) and (85DE19; theor.). An additional anomaly in the proton yield is also reported at E_t = 8.5 MeV [¹⁰Be*(23.2)] [see (87AB1M)]. Differential cross sections and S-factors are reported by (83CE1A) for E_t = 70 to 110 keV for ⁶He*(0, 1.80). The zero-energy S-factor for ⁶He*(1.80) is 14 ± 2.5 MeV · b. The relevance to an Li-seeded tritium plasma is discussed by (83CE1A). See also (87AB09), (85CA41; astrophys.) and (86AB10; theor.).

3. 7Li(3He, π+)10Be

Qm = -122.337

Cross sections have been measured to ¹⁰Be*(3.37, 6.2[u], 7.4[u] [u = unresolved]) at E(³He) = 235 MeV. The ground-state group is not seen: its intensity at θ_lab = 20° is < / = 0.1 that to ¹⁰Be*(3.37) (84BI08).

4. 7Li(α, p)10Be

Qm = -2.5642

See (87BI1C) and (79AJ01).

5. 7Li(7Li, α)10Be

Qm = 14.782

See (74AJ01).

6. 9Be(n, γ)10Be

Qm = 6.8120

The thermal capture cross section is 8.49 ± 0.34 mb (86CO14). Reported γ-ray transitions are displayed in Table 10.2 (83KE11). Partial cross sections involving ¹⁰Be*(0, 3.37, 5.96) are listed in (87LY01). See also (84SH1P, 84SH1R) and (85MU03, 86MU1B, 86RA1B, 87LY01, 88MU05; theor.).

See Table 10.2 (in PDF or PS).

7. (a) 9Be(n, n)9Be		Eb = 6.8120
(b) 9Be(n, 2n)8Be	Qm = -1.6654

The scattering amplitude (bound) a = 7.778 ± 0.003 fm, σ_free = 6.151 ± 0.005 b (81MUZQ). The difference in the spin-dependent scattering lengths, b⁺ - b^- is +0.24 ± 0.07 (87GL06). See also (87LY01). Total cross section measurements have been reported for E_n = 2 x 10^-3 eV to 2.6 GeV/c [see (79AJ01, 84AJ01)] and at 24 keV (83AI01), 7 to 15 MeV (83DA22; also reaction cross sections) and 10.96, 13.89 and 16.89 MeV (85TE01; for n₀ and n₂).

Observed resonances are displayed in Table 10.3 (in PDF or PS). Analysis of polarization and differential cross section data leads to the 3^-, 2⁺ assignments for ¹⁰Be*(7.37, 7.55). Below E_n = 0.5 MeV the scattering cross section reflects the effect of bound 1^- and 2^- states, presumably ¹⁰Be*(5.960, 6.26). There is also indication of interference with s-wave background and with a broad l = 1, J^π = 3⁺ state. The structure at E_n = 2.73 MeV is ascribed to two levels: a broad state at about 2.85 MeV with J^π = 2⁺, and a narrow one, Γ ~ 100 keV, at E_n = 2.73 MeV with a probable assignment of J^π = 4^-. The 4^- assignment results from a study of the polarization of the n₀ group at E_n = 2.60 to 2.77 MeV. A rapid variation of the polarization over this interval is observed, and the data are consistent with 4^- (l = 2) for ¹⁰Be*(9.27). A weak dip at E_n ~ 4.3 MeV is ascribed to a level with J >/= 1. See (74AJ01) for references. The analyzing power has been measured for E_n = 1.6 to 15 MeV [see (84AJ01)] and at E_n = 9 to 17 MeV (84BY03; n₀, n₂).

The non-elastic and the (n, 2n) cross sections rise rapidly to ~ 0.6 b (~ 0.5 b for (n, 2n)) at E_n ~ 3.5 MeV and then stay approximately constant to E_n = 15 MeV: see (79AJ01, 84AJ01). For total γ-ray production cross sections for E_n = 2 to 25 MeV, see (86GO1L). See also (83GO1H, 84SH1P, 84SH1R, 86MU07), (85PE06; applications) and (86DU1G, 87HA1S; theor.).

8. (a) 9Be(n, p)9Li	Qm = -12.824	Eb = 6.8120
(b) 9Be(n, d)8Li	Qm = -14.662
(c) 9Be(n, t)7Li	Qm = -10.438

Cross sections have been measured at E_n = 14.1 - 14.9 MeV for reaction (a), 16.3 to 18.7 MeV for (b) and 13.3 to 15.0 (t₁) and 22.5 MeV (reaction (c)): see (79AJ01). A recent measurement (reaction (c)) has been reported at E_n = 14.6 MeV (87ZA01). See (83BO1C) and (84SH1P, 84SH1R, 85BO1D).

9. 9Be(n, α)6He

Qm = -0.598

Eb = 6.8120

The cross section for production of ⁶He shows a smooth rise to a broad maximum of 104 ± 7 mb at 3.0 MeV, followed by a gradual decrease to 70 mb at 4.4 MeV. From E_n = 3.9 to 8.6 MeV, the cross section decreases smoothly from 100 mb to 32 mb. Excitation functions have been measured for α₀ and α₁ for E_n = 12.2 to 18.0 MeV: see (79AJ01) for references. See also (83SH1J) and (84SH1P, 84SH1R).

10. 9Be(p, π+)10Be

Qm = -133.539

Angular distributions have been studied at E_p = 185 to 800 MeV [see (84AJ01)] and at E_p = 650 MeV (86HO23; to ¹⁰Be*(0, 3.37)). States at E_x = 6.07 ± 0.13, 7.39 ± 0.13, 9.31 ± 0.24, 11.76 MeV have also been populated. A_y measurements involving ¹⁰Be*(0, 3.37) are reported at E_p = 200 to 250 MeV [see (84AJ01)] and at 650 MeV (86HO23).

11. 9Be(d, p)10Be

Qm = 4.5874

Angular distributions of proton groups have been studied at many energies in the range E_d = 0.15 to 17.3 MeV and at 698 MeV [see (79AJ01, 84AJ01)], as well as at E_d = 2.0 to 2.8 MeV (84DE46, 84AN1D; p₀, p₁; also VAP) and E_d = 12.5 MeV (87VA13; p₀, p₁). At E_d = 15 MeV S = 2.1, 0.23 (j_n = 3/2) and 0.12 (j_n = 1/2), < / = 1.0, 0.065 (j_n = 5/2) and 0.132 (j_n = 1/2), for ¹⁰Be*(0, 3.37, 5.96, 6.26). The angular distributions show l_n = 1 transfer for ¹⁰Be*(0, 3.37, 5.958, 7.54), l_n = 0 transfer for ¹⁰Be*(5.960, 6.26), l_n = 2 transfer for ¹⁰Be}*(7.37). ¹⁰Be*(6.18, 9.27, 9.4) are also populated, as are two states at E_x = 10.57 ± 0.03 and 11.76 ± 0.02 MeV. ¹⁰Be*(9.27, 9.4, 11.76) have Γ_c.m. = 150 ± 20, 291 ± 20 and 121 ± 10 keV. See (79AJ01) for references.

Attempts to understand the γ-decay of ¹⁰Be*(5.96) and its population in ⁹Be(n, γ)¹⁰Be led to the discovery that it consisted of two states separated by 1.6 ± 0.5 keV. The lower of the two has J^π = 2⁺ and decays primarily by a cascade transition via ¹⁰Be*(3.37) [it is the state fed directly in the ⁹Be(n, γ) decay]; the higher state has J^π = 1^- and goes mainly by a crossover to ¹⁰Be(g.s.). Angular correlations measured with the γ-ray detector located normal to the reaction plane (equiv. to angular distributions) lead to l_n values consistent with the assignments of 2⁺ and 1^- for ¹⁰Be*(5.9584, 5.9599) obtained from the character of the γ-decay. ¹⁰Be*(6.18) decays primarily to ¹⁰Be*(3.37): E_γ = 219.4 ± 0.3 keV for the 6.18 --> 5.96 transition. See Table 10.4 (in PDF or PS) for a listing of the information on radiative transitions obtained in this reaction and lifetime measurements. For (p, γ) correlations through ¹⁰Be*(3.37) see (87VA13) and references in (74AJ01). For polarization measurements see ¹¹B in (90AJ01).

12. 9Be(α, 3He)10Be

Qm = -13.7658

Angular distributions have been studied at E_α = 65 MeV to ¹⁰Be*(0, 3.37, 5.96, 6.26, 7.37, 7.54, 9.33, 11.88). DWBA analyses of these lead to spectroscopic factors which are in poor agreement with those reported in other reactions: see (84AJ01).

13. (a) 9Be(7Li, 6Li)10Be	Qm = -0.438
(b) 9Be(9Be, 8Be)10Be	Qm = 5.1466

Angular distributions have been measured at E(⁷Li) = 34 MeV (reaction (a)) to ¹⁰Be*(0, 3.4): S = 2.07 and 0.42 (p_1/2), 0.38 (p_3/2). See (79AJ01). At E(⁹Be) = 20 MeV an angular distribution involving ⁸Be_g.s. + ¹⁰Be_g.s. has been measured: transitions to excited states of ¹⁰Be are very weak (85JA09).

14. (a) 10Be(p, p)10Be

(b) 10Be(d, d)10Be

Angular distributions of the p₀ and p₁ groups have been measured at E_p = 12.0 to 16.0 MeV. The elastically scattered deuterons have been studied at E_d = 12.0 and 15.0 MeV: see (74AJ01).

15. (a) 10B(γ, π+)10Be	Qm = -140.125
(b) 10B(e, e'π+)10Be	Qm = -140.125

Differential cross sections have been measured to ¹⁰Be*(0, 3.37) at E_γ =230 to 340 MeV [see (84AJ01)] and at E_e = 185 MeV (86YA07) and 200 MeV (84BL1B). See also (84AJ01).

16. 10B(μ-, ν)10Be

Qm = 105.1031

Partial capture rates leading to the 2⁺ states ¹⁰Be*(3.37, 5.96) have been reported: see (84AJ01).

17. 10B(π-, γ)10Be

Qm = 139.012

The photon spectrum from stopped pions is dominated by peaks corresponding to ¹⁰Be*(0, 3.4, 6.0, 7.5, 9.4), and branching ratios have been obtained. Those to ¹⁰Be*(0, 3.4) are (2.02 ± 0.17)% and (4.65 ± 0.30)%, respectively [absolute branching ratio per stopped pion] (86PE05). See (79AJ01) for the earlier work.

18. (a) 10B(n, p)10Be	Qm = 0.2262
(b) 10B(d, 2p)10Be	Qm = -1.9983

Angular distributions [reaction (b)] are reported at E_d = 55 MeV to ¹⁰Be*(0, 3.37, 5.96, 9.4): see (84AJ01). See also (87KW01; theor.). For reaction (a) see (74AJ01) and (87LA16) in ¹¹B (90AJ01).

19. 11Li(β-)11Be -->10Be + n

Qm = 20.22

¹¹Li populates several states of ¹⁰Be, via delayed neutron emission. Gamma rays have been observed for the transitions 6.18 --> 5.96, 6.18 --> 3.37, 5.96 (unres.) --> 3.37 and 3.37 --> g.s. with I_γ = (0.95 ± 0.35), (1.65 ± 0.70), (3.5 ± 1.0) and (21 ± 6)%, respectively: see Table 11.2 (in PDF or PS) in (85AJ01).

20. 11B(γ, p)10Be

Qm = -11.2279

See (84AL22) and ¹¹B in (90AJ01). See also (79AJ01).

21. 11B(p, 2p)10Be

Qm = -11.2279

Structure is observed in the summed proton spectrum corresponding to Q = -10.9 ± 0.35, -14.7 ± 0.4, -21.1 ± 0.4, -35 ± 1 MeV: see (74AJ01). See also (85BE1J , 85DO1B; prelim.).

22. 11B(d, 3He)10Be

Qm = -5.7343

Angular distributions have been measured at E_d = 11.8 and 22 MeV to ¹⁰Be_g.s. [see (74AJ01)] and at 52 MeV to ¹⁰Be*(0, 3.37, 5.96, 9.60): S = 0.65, 2.03, 0.13, 1.19 (normalized to the theoretical value for the ground state); π = + for ¹⁰Be*(9.6): see (79AJ01).

23. 11B(11B, 12C)10Be

Qm = 4.7293

See (85PO02).

24. 12C(6Li, 8B)10Be

Qm = -21.442

At E(⁶Li) = 80 MeV, ¹⁰Be*(0, 3.37, 5.96, 7.54, (9.4), 11.8) are populated and the angular distribution to ¹⁰Be_g.s. has been measured: see (79AJ01). See also (82AL1A, 83AL1D, 85AL1G).

25. 13C(p, d2p)10Be

Qm = -29.9069

See (87GI1F) and ¹²C in (90AJ01).

26. 14C(14C, 18O)10Be

Qm = -5.785

See (85KO04).